Practical design calculations, membrane chemistry, sizing formulas, and regulatory compliance tips from our manufacturing plant in Vapi, Gujarat.
Commercial RODetailed overview of Aqua Shakti's commercial reverse osmosis systems, stainless steel 304 skids, automation components, and commercial applications.
Water PurificationExplore the differences in ion exchange resin chemistry, regeneration, and industrial applications between Water Softener and DM Plants.
Wastewater TreatmentA comprehensive technical comparison of Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), discharge norms, and design considerations.
Industrial ROLearn how industrial RO plants are engineered for borewell, river, and seawater desalination with high recovery rates and low maintenance.
Commercial RODetailed overview of Aqua Shakti's commercial reverse osmosis systems, stainless steel 304 skids, automation components, and commercial applications.
Water PurificationExplore the differences in ion exchange resin chemistry, regeneration, and industrial applications between Water Softener and DM Plants.
Wastewater TreatmentA comprehensive technical comparison of Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), discharge norms, and design considerations.
Industrial ROLearn how industrial RO plants are engineered for borewell, river, and seawater desalination with high recovery rates and low maintenance.
Tap any technical closure below to expand reference formulas, permissible testing limits, and environmental compliance parameters.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 10500) benchmark values for potable and commercial drinking water systems:
| Parameter | Acceptable Limit | Permissible (No Alt Source) | Aqua Shakti RO Output |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) | < 500 mg/L | 2,000 mg/L | 50 – 150 mg/L |
| Total Hardness (as CaCO3) | < 200 mg/L | 600 mg/L | < 10 mg/L (Softened) |
| pH Value | 6.5 to 8.5 | No relaxation | 6.8 to 7.8 (Balanced) |
| Chlorides (as Cl) | < 250 mg/L | 1,000 mg/L | < 20 mg/L |
| Turbidity (NTU) | < 1 NTU | 5 NTU | < 0.1 NTU |
Recovery % = (Permeate Flow ÷ Raw Feed Flow) × 100Typical recovery: 50–60% for commercial units, 65–85% for multi-stage industrial RO.
Rejection % = [(Feed TDS − Permeate TDS) ÷ Feed TDS] × 100Aqua Shakti imported polyamide membranes maintain 98.5% to 99.4% salt rejection.
Flux = Permeate Rate (GPD) ÷ (Total Membrane Area ft²)Standard design flux: 14 to 18 GFD for ground borewell water in Gujarat industrial belts.
| Pollutant Parameter | Inland Surface Water Limit | Public Sewer Limit | Aqua Shakti ETP Guaranteed Output |
|---|---|---|---|
| BOD (3 days at 27°C) | < 30 mg/L | < 350 mg/L | < 10 – 20 mg/L |
| COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) | < 250 mg/L | < 500 mg/L | < 80 – 150 mg/L |
| Total Suspended Solids (TSS) | < 100 mg/L | < 600 mg/L | < 30 mg/L |
| Oil & Grease | < 10 mg/L | < 20 mg/L | < 2 mg/L |
Conductivity: < 10 µS/cm
pH: 7.5 – 8.5
Hardness: Nil (< 0.5 ppm)
Conductivity: < 0.2 µS/cm
Total Silica: < 0.02 ppm as SiO2
Application: High-pressure boilers & Pharma
Hardness: < 5 ppm as CaCO3
Salt Consumption: 160g NaCl per liter resin
Vessel: High-burst FRP / Epoxy MS